Reaction: a 2-carboxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = a (2E)-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+
Glossary: 2-carboxyacyl-CoA = 2-alkylmalonyl-CoA
Other name(s): divR (gene name); antE (gene name); revT (gene name); salG (gene name)
Systematic name: 2-carboxyacyl-CoA:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
Comments: This bacterial enzyme, which is similar to EC 1.3.1.85, crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase, has a broad substrate range and participates in production of different 2-carboxyacyl-CoA products, which serve as unusual extender units for some polyketide synthases. The enzyme belongs to the medium-chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR) superfamily and requires an NADPH cosubstrate. The carboxylation reaction mechanism begins with the transfer of the hydride from NADPH onto the β-carbon of the enoyl-CoA to yield a thioester enolate, followed by the electrophilic attack of CO2 at the α-carbon.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Liu, Y., Hazzard, C., Eustaquio, A.S., Reynolds, K.A. and Moore, B.S. Biosynthesis of salinosporamides from α,β-unsaturated fatty acids: implications for extending polyketide synthase diversity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 10376-10377. [PMID: 19601645]
2. Xu, Z., Ding, L. and Hertweck, C. A branched extender unit shared between two orthogonal polyketide pathways in an endophyte. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50 (2011) 4667-4670. [PMID: 21506215]
3. Sandy, M., Rui, Z., Gallagher, J. and Zhang, W. Enzymatic synthesis of dilactone scaffold of antimycins. ACS Chem. Biol. 7 (2012) 1956-1961. [PMID: 22971101]
4. Miyazawa, T., Takahashi, S., Kawata, A., Panthee, S., Hayashi, T., Shimizu, T., Nogawa, T. and Osada, H. Identification of middle chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase responsible for the biosynthesis of 2-alkylmalonyl-CoAs for polyketide extender unit. J. Biol. Chem. 290 (2015) 26994-27011. [PMID: 26378232]