Reaction: (1) N,N-dimethylglycine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
(2) sarcosine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = glycine + formaldehyde + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
Other name(s): ddhC (gene name); dgcA (gene name)
Systematic name: N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (demethylating)
Comments: This bacterial enzyme is involved in degradation of glycine betaine. The enzyme contains non-covalently bound FAD and NAD(P) cofactors, and catalyses the demethylation of both N,N-dimethylglycine and sarcosine, releasing formaldehyde and forming glycine as the final product. The enzyme can utilize both NAD+ and NADP+, but the catalytic efficiency with NAD+ is ~5-fold higher. The native electron acceptor of the enzyme is a membrane-bound clostridial-type ferredoxin, which transfers the electrons to an electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Wargo, M.J., Szwergold, B.S. and Hogan, D.A. Identification of two gene clusters and a transcriptional regulator required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa glycine betaine catabolism. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 2690-2699. [PMID: 17951379]
2. Yang, T., Shao, Y.H., Guo, L.Z., Meng, X.L., Yu, H. and Lu, W.D. Role of N,N-dimethylglycine and its catabolism to sarcosine in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 86 (2020) . [PMID: 32631860]