Reaction: (1) acetyl-CoA + an N-terminal-glycyl-[protein] = an N-terminal-Nα-acetyl-glycyl-[protein] + CoA
(2) acetyl-CoA + an N-terminal-L-alanyl-[protein] = an N-terminal-Nα-acetyl-L-alanyl-[protein] + CoA
(3) acetyl-CoA + an N-terminal-L-seryl-[protein] = an N-terminal-Nα-acetyl-L-seryl-[protein] + CoA
(4) acetyl-CoA + an N-terminal-L-valyl-[protein] = an N-terminal-Nα-acetyl-L-valyl-[protein] + CoA
(5) acetyl-CoA + an N-terminal-L-cysteinyl-[protein] = an N-terminal-Nα-acetyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein] + CoA
(6) acetyl-CoA + an N-terminal-L-threonyl-[protein] = an N-terminal-Nα-acetyl-L-threonyl-[protein] + CoA
Other name(s): NAA10 (gene name); NAA15 (gene name); ARD1 (gene name)
Systematic name: acetyl-CoA:N-terminal-Gly/Ala/Ser/Val/Cys/Thr-[protein] Nα-acetyltransferase
Comments: N-terminal-acetylases (NATs) catalyse the covalent attachment of an acetyl moiety from acetyl-CoA to the free α-amino group at the N-terminus of a protein. This irreversible modification neutralizes the positive charge at the N-terminus and makes the N-terminal residue larger and more hydrophobic. The NatA complex is found in all eukaryotic organisms, and specifically targets N-terminal Ala, Gly, Cys, Ser, Thr, and Val residues, that became available after removal of the initiator methionine.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Mullen, J.R., Kayne, P.S., Moerschell, R.P., Tsunasawa, S., Gribskov, M., Colavito-Shepanski, M., Grunstein, M., Sherman, F. and Sternglanz, R. Identification and characterization of genes and mutants for an N-terminal acetyltransferase from yeast. EMBO J. 8 (1989) 2067-2075. [PMID: 2551674]
2. Park, E.C. and Szostak, J.W. ARD1 and NAT1 proteins form a complex that has N-terminal acetyltransferase activity. EMBO J. 11 (1992) 2087-2093. [PMID: 1600941]
3. Sugiura, N., Adams, S.M. and Corriveau, R.A. An evolutionarily conserved N-terminal acetyltransferase complex associated with neuronal development. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 40113-40120. [PMID: 12888564]
4. Gautschi, M., Just, S., Mun, A., Ross, S., Rucknagel, P., Dubaquie, Y., Ehrenhofer-Murray, A. and Rospert, S. The yeast Nα-acetyltransferase NatA is quantitatively anchored to the ribosome and interacts with nascent polypeptides. Mol. Cell Biol. 23 (2003) 7403-7414. [PMID: 14517307]
5. Xu, F., Huang, Y., Li, L., Gannon, P., Linster, E., Huber, M., Kapos, P., Bienvenut, W., Polevoda, B., Meinnel, T., Hell, R., Giglione, C., Zhang, Y., Wirtz, M., Chen, S. and Li, X. Two N-terminal acetyltransferases antagonistically regulate the stability of a nod-like receptor in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 27 (2015) 1547-1562. [PMID: 25966763]
6. Dorfel, M.J. and Lyon, G.J. The biological functions of Naa10 - From amino-terminal acetylation to human disease. Gene 567 (2015) 103-131. [PMID: 25987439]