Reaction: [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N6-ubiquitinyl-L-lysine (overall reaction)
(1a) [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase]-L-cysteine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine
(1b) [RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N6-ubiquitinyl-L-lysine
Glossary: RBR = RING between RING
RING = Really Interesting New Gene
Systematic name: [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine:acceptor protein ubiquitin transferase (isopeptide bond-forming; RBR-type)
Comments: RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferases have two RING fingers separated by an internal motif (IBR, for In Between RING). The enzyme interacts with the CRL (Cullin-RING ubiquitin Ligase) complexes formed by certain RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase (see EC 2.3.2.27), which include a neddylated cullin scaffold protein and a substrate recognition module. The RING1 domain binds an EC 2.3.2.23, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and transfers the ubiquitin that is bound to it to an internal cysteine residue in the RING2 domain, followed by the transfer of the ubiquitin from RING2 to the substrate [4]. Once the substrate has been ubiquitylated by the RBR-type ligase, it can be ubiqutylated further using ubiquitin carried directly on E2 enzymes, in a reaction catalysed by EC 2.3.2.27. Activity of the RBR-type enzyme is dependent on neddylation of the cullin protein in the CRL complex [2,4]. cf. EC 2.3.2.26, HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, EC 2.3.2.27, RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, and EC 2.3.2.32, cullin-RING-type E3 NEDD8 transferase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Wenzel, D.M., Lissounov, A., Brzovic, P.S. and Klevit, R.E. UBCH7 reactivity profile reveals parkin and HHARI to be RING/HECT hybrids. Nature 474 (2011) 105-108. [PMID: 21532592]
2. Kelsall, I.R., Duda, D.M., Olszewski, J.L., Hofmann, K., Knebel, A., Langevin, F., Wood, N., Wightman, M., Schulman, B.A. and Alpi, A.F. TRIAD1 and HHARI bind to and are activated by distinct neddylated Cullin-RING ligase complexes. EMBO J. 32 (2013) 2848-2860. [PMID: 24076655]
3. Duda, D.M., Olszewski, J.L., Schuermann, J.P., Kurinov, I., Miller, D.J., Nourse, A., Alpi, A.F. and Schulman, B.A. Structure of HHARI, a RING-IBR-RING ubiquitin ligase: autoinhibition of an Ariadne-family E3 and insights into ligation mechanism. Structure 21 (2013) 1030-1041. [PMID: 23707686]
4. Scott, D.C., Rhee, D.Y., Duda, D.M., Kelsall, I.R., Olszewski, J.L., Paulo, J.A., de Jong, A., Ovaa, H., Alpi, A.F., Harper, J.W. and Schulman, B.A. Two distinct types of E3 ligases work in unison to regulate substrate ubiquitylation. Cell 166 (2016) 1198-1214.e24. [PMID: 27565346]