Reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate
Other name(s): GGTaseII; Rab geranylgeranyltransferase; RabGGTase
Systematic name: geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase
Comments: This enzyme, along with protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) and protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (EC 2.5.1.59), constitutes the protein prenyltransferase family of enzymes. Attaches geranylgeranyl groups to two C-terminal cysteines in Ras-related GTPases of a single family, the Rab family (Ypt/Sec4 in lower eukaryotes) that terminate in XXCC, XCXC and CCXX motifs. Reaction is entirely dependent on the Rab substrate being bound to Rab escort protein (REP). Post-translational modification with the geranylgeranyl moiety is essential for Rab GTPases to be able to control the processes of membrane docking and fusion [5].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 135371-29-8 (same as EC 2.5.1.59)
References:
1. Casey, P.J. and Seabra, M.C. Protein prenyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 5289-5292. [PMID: 8621375]
2. Wilson, A.L., Erdman, R.A., CAStellano, F. and Maltese, W.A. Prenylation of Rab8 GTPase by type I and type II geranylgeranyl transferases. Biochem. J. 333 (1998) 497-504. [PMID: 9677305]
3. Zhang, H., Seabra, M.C. and Deisenhofer, J. Crystal structure of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase at 2.0 Å resolution. Structure Fold. Des. 8 (2000) 241-251. [PMID: 10745007]
4. Thomä, N.H., Niculae, A., Goody, R.S. and Alexandrov, K. Double prenylation by RabGGTase can proceed without dissociation of the mono-prenylated intermediate. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 48631-48636. [PMID: 11591706]
5. Rak, A., Niculae, A., Kalinin, A., Thomä, N.H., Sidorovitch, V., Goody, R.S. and Alexandrov, K. In vitro assembly, purification, and crystallization of the Rab geranylgeranyl transferase:substrate complex. Protein Expr. Purif. 25 (2002) 23-30. [PMID: 12071695]
6. Gibbs, R.A. Prenyl transfer and the enzymes of terpenoid and steroid biosynthesis. In: Sinnott, M. (Ed.), Comprehensive Biological Catalysis. A Mechanistic Reference., vol. 1, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1998, pp. 31-118.