Reaction: a glutathione-S-conjugate + H2O = a [γ-glutamyl-L-cysteine]-S-conjugate + glycine
Other name(s): PCS1 (gene name); PRC1 (gene name); CPC (gene name); ATG42 (gene name); alr0975 (locus name)
Systematic name: glutathione-S-conjugate glycine hydrolase
Comments: The enzyme participates in a glutathione-mediated detoxification pathway found in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria. The enzymes from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae also catalyse the activity of EC 2.3.2.15, glutathione γ-glutamylcysteinyltransferase (phytochelatin synthase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Beck, A., Lendzian, K., Oven, M., Christmann, A. and Grill, E. Phytochelatin synthase catalyzes key step in turnover of glutathione conjugates. Phytochemistry 62 (2003) 423-431. [PMID: 12620355]
2. Grzam, A., Tennstedt, P., Clemens, S., Hell, R. and Meyer, A.J. Vacuolar sequestration of glutathione S-conjugates outcompetes a possible degradation of the glutathione moiety by phytochelatin synthase. FEBS Lett. 580 (2006) 6384-6390. [PMID: 17097087]
3. Harada, E., von Roepenack-Lahaye, E. and Clemens, S. A cyanobacterial protein with similarity to phytochelatin synthases catalyzes the conversion of glutathione to γ-glutamylcysteine and lacks phytochelatin synthase activity. Phytochemistry 65 (2004) 3179-3185. [PMID: 15561184]
4. Tsuji, N., Nishikori, S., Iwabe, O., Shiraki, K., Miyasaka, H., Takagi, M., Hirata, K. and Miyamoto, K. Characterization of phytochelatin synthase-like protein encoded by alr0975 from a prokaryote, Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 315 (2004) 751-755. [PMID: 14975765]
5. Vivares, D., Arnoux, P. and Pignol, D. A papain-like enzyme at work: native and acyl-enzyme intermediate structures in phytochelatin synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 18848-18853. [PMID: 16339904]
6. Wunschmann, J., Krajewski, M., Letzel, T., Huber, E.M., Ehrmann, A., Grill, E. and Lendzian, K.J. Dissection of glutathione conjugate turnover in yeast. Phytochemistry 71 (2010) 54-61. [PMID: 19897216]