Reaction: Cleavage of peptide bonds with very broad specificity
Other names: ingensin; macropain; multicatalytic endopeptidase complex; prosome; multicatalytic proteinase (complex); MCP; proteasome; large multicatalytic protease; multicatalytic proteinase; proteasome organelle; alkaline protease; 26S protease; tricorn proteinase; tricorn protease
Comments: A 20-S protein composed of 28 subunits arranged in four rings of seven. The outer rings are composed of α subunits, but the β subunits forming the inner rings are responsible for peptidase activity. In eukaryotic organisms there are up to seven different types of β subunits, three of which may carry the N-terminal threonine residues that are the nucleophiles in catalysis, and show different specificities. The molecule is barrel-shaped, and the active sites are on the inner surfaces. Terminal apertures restrict access of substrates to the active sites. There is evidence that catalytic subunits are replaced by others under some conditions so as to alter the specificity of proteolysis, perhaps optimizing it for the formation of antigenic peptides. A complex of the 20-S proteasome endopeptidase complex with a 19-S regulatory unit is the 26-S proteasome that degrades ubiquitin-protein conjugates. Type example of peptidase family T1. Formerly EC 3.4.24.5, EC 3.4.22.21 and EC 3.4.99.46
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MEROPS, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 140879-24-9
References
1. Seemüller, E., Lupas, A., Stock, D., Löwe, J., Huber, R. and Baumeister, W. Proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilum: a threonine protease. Science 268 (1995) 579-582. [PMID: 7725107]
2. Coux, O., Tanaka, K. and Goldberg, A.L. Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65 (1996) 801-847. [PMID: 8811196]
3. Groll, M., Ditzel, L., Löwe, J., Stock, D., Bochtler, M., Bartunik, H.D. and Huber, R. Structure of 20S proteasome from yeast at 2.4Å resolution. Nature 386 (1997) 463-471. [PMID: 9087403]
4. Dick, T.P., Nussbaum, A.K., Deeg, M., Heinemeyer, W., Groll, M., Schirle, M., Keilholz, W., Stevanovic, S., Wolf, D.H., Huber, R., Rammensee, H.G. and Schild, H. Contribution of proteasomal β-subunits to the cleavage of peptide substrates analyzed with yeast mutants. J. Biol. Chem.386 (1998) 25637-25646. [PMID: 9748229]