Reaction: (1) ATP + (deoxyribonucleotide)n-3'-hydroxyl + 5'-phospho-(deoxyribonucleotide)m = (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction)
(1a) ATP + [DNA ligase]-L-lysine = 5'-adenosyl [DNA ligase]-Nε-phosphono-L-lysine + diphosphate
(1b) 5'-adenosyl [DNA ligase]-Nε-phosphono-L-lysine + 5'-phospho-(deoxyribonucleotide)m = 5'-(5'-diphosphoadenosine)-(deoxyribonucleotide)m + [DNA ligase]-L-lysine
(1c) (deoxyribonucleotide)n-3'-hydroxyl + 5'-(5'-diphosphoadenosine)-(deoxyribonucleotide)m = (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m + AMP
(2) NAD+ + (deoxyribonucleotide)n-3'-hydroxyl + 5'-phospho-(deoxyribonucleotide)m = (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m + AMP + β-nicotinamide D-nucleotide (overall reaction)
(2a) NAD+ + [DNA ligase]-L-lysine = 5'-adenosyl [DNA ligase]-Nε-phosphono-L-lysine + β-nicotinamide D-nucleotide
(2b) 5'-adenosyl [DNA ligase]-Nε-phosphono-L-lysine + 5'-phospho-(deoxyribonucleotide)m = 5'-(5'-diphosphoadenosine)-(deoxyribonucleotide)m + [DNA ligase]-L-lysine
(2c) (deoxyribonucleotide)n-3'-hydroxyl + 5'-(5'-diphosphoadenosine)-(deoxyribonucleotide)m = (deoxyribonucleotide)n+m + AMP
Systematic name: poly(deoxyribonucleotide)-3'-hydroxyl:5'-phospho-poly(deoxyribonucleotide) ligase (ATP or NAD+)
Comments: The enzymes from the archaea Thermococcus fumicolans and Thermococcus onnurineus show high activity with either ATP or NAD+, and significantly lower activity with TTP, GTP, and CTP. The enzyme catalyses the ligation of DNA strands with 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate termini, forming a phosphodiester and sealing certain types of single-strand breaks in duplex DNA. Catalysis occurs by a three-step mechanism, starting with the activation of the enzyme by ATP or NAD+, forming a phosphoramide bond between adenylate and a lysine residue. The adenylate group is then transferred to the 5'-phosphate terminus of the substrate, forming the capped structure 5'-(5'-diphosphoadenosine)-[DNA]. Finally, the enzyme catalyses a nucleophilic attack of the 3'-OH terminus on the capped terminus, which results in formation of the phosphodiester bond and release of the adenylate. Different from EC 6.5.1.1, DNA ligase (ATP), EC 6.5.1.2, DNA ligase (NAD+) and EC 6.5.1.7, DNA ligase (ATP, ADP or GTP).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Rolland, J.L., Gueguen, Y., Persillon, C., Masson, J.M. and Dietrich, J. Characterization of a thermophilic DNA ligase from the archaeon Thermococcus fumicolans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 236 (2004) 267-273. [PMID: 15251207]
2. Kim, Y.J., Lee, H.S., Bae, S.S., Jeon, J.H., Yang, S.H., Lim, J.K., Kang, S.G., Kwon, S.T. and Lee, J.H. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a DNA ligase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. Biotechnol. Lett. 28 (2006) 401-407. [PMID: 16614906]