Reaction: (1) genistein + ATP + H2O = genistein 7-O-phosphate + AMP + phosphate
(2) genistein + ATP + H2O = genistein 4'-O-phosphate + AMP + phosphate
Glossary: genistein = 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
Other name(s): polyphenol water dikinase; polyphenol phosphotransferase; flavonoid phosphate synthetase; benzopyrone phosphate synthetase; PPS; phenolic phosphate synthetase; fpsC (gene name); yvkC (gene name)
Systematic name: ATP:polyphenol, water phosphotransferase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is a promiscuous phosphotransferase that catalyses mono-O-phosphorylation of a broad spectrum of phenolic and polyphenolic substrates, including flavonoid classes such as isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavonolignans, as well as structurally varied scaffolds like stilbenoids, curcuminoids, chalcones, anthraquinones, coumestans, and coumarins. The reaction is carried out by a ping-pong mechanism involving transient autophosphorylation of a histidine residue. Polyphenols are usually phosphorylated at different sites, producing a mixture of mono-phosphorylated products.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Hsu, C., Tsai, H.Y., Chang, C.F., Yang, C.C. and Su, N.W. Discovery of a novel phosphotransferase from Bacillus subtilis that phosphorylates a broad spectrum of flavonoids. Food Chem 400 (2023) 134001. [PMID: 36084586]
2. Hsu, C., Tsai, H.Y., Chen, S.D., Chang, C.F. and Su, N.W. Molecular insights into a promiscuous dikinase catalyzing monophosphorylation of structurally diverse natural polyphenols. ACS Catalysis 15 (2025) 13179-13191.