Reaction: NAD+ + H2O = ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide
Glossary: ADP-D-ribose = adenosine 5′-(5-deoxy-D-ribofuranos-5-yl diphosphate)
Other name(s): NAD glycohydrolase; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase; β-NAD+ glycohydrolase; DPNase (ambiguous); NAD hydrolase (ambiguous); diphosphopyridine nucleosidase (ambiguous); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nucleosidase (ambiguous); NAD nucleosidase (ambiguous); DPN hydrolase (ambiguous); NADase (ambiguous); nga (gene name)
Systematic name: NAD+ glycohydrolase
Comments: This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of NAD+, without associated ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities (unlike the metazoan enzyme EC 3.2.2.6, bifunctional ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase). The enzyme from Group A streptococci has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSS) and necrotizing fasciitis. The enzyme from the venom of the snake Agkistrodon acutus also catalyses EC 3.6.1.5, apyrase [3].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9025-46-1
References:
1. Fehrenbach, F.J. Reinigung und Kristallisation der NAD-Glykohydrolase aus C-Streptokokken. Eur. J. Biochem. 18 (1971) 94-102. [PMID: 4322210]
2. Grushoff, P.S., Shany, S. and Bernheimer, A.W. Purification and properties of streptococcal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase. J. Bacteriol. 122 (1975) 599-605. [PMID: 236282]
3. Zhang, L., Xu, X., Luo, Z., Shen, D. and Wu, H. Identification of an unusual AT(D)Pase-like activity in multifunctional NAD glycohydrolase from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus. Biochimie 91 (2009) 240-251. [PMID: 18952139]
4. Ghosh, J., Anderson, P.J., Chandrasekaran, S. and Caparon, M.G. Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes β-NAD+ glycohydrolase: re-evaluation of enzymatic properties associated with pathogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 5683-5694. [PMID: 20018886]
5. Smith, C.L., Ghosh, J., Elam, J.S., Pinkner, J.S., Hultgren, S.J., Caparon, M.G. and Ellenberger, T. Structural basis of Streptococcus pyogenes immunity to its NAD+ glycohydrolase toxin. Structure 19 (2011) 192-202. [PMID: 21300288]