Reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = phomopsene + diphosphate
For diagram of reaction click here and mechanism click here
Glossary: phomopsene = (1S,6aS,6bR,9aR,10aS)-1,4,7,7,9a-pentamethyl-1,2,3,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,9,9a,10-dodecahydrodicyclopenta[a,d]indene
Other name(s): PaPS; NtPS; NrPS; PmS
Systematic name: geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, phomopsene-formimg)
Comments: A diterpene synthase from the fungus Diaporthe amygdali. Phomopsene synthase has also been isolated from the bacteria Nocardia testacea, Nocardia rhamnosiphila, and Allokutzneria albata. The Allokutzneria albata enzyme also generates allokutznerene (EC 4.2.3.224, allokutznerene synthase) and traces of (–)-spiroviolene (EC 4.2.3.158, (–)-spiroviolene synthase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Toyomasu, T., Kaneko, A., Tokiwano, T., Kanno, Y., Kanno, Y., Niida, R., Miura, S., Nishioka, T., Ikeda, C., Mitsuhashi, W., Dairi, T., Kawano, T., Oikawa, H., Kato, N. and Sassa, T. Biosynthetic gene-based secondary metabolite screening: a new diterpene, methyl phomopsenonate, from the fungus Phomopsis amygdali. J. Org. Chem. 74 (2009) 1541-1548. [PMID: 19161275]
2. Shinde, S.S., Minami, A., Chen, Z., Tokiwano, T., Toyomasu, T., Kato, N., Sassa, T. and Oikawa, H. Cyclization mechanism of phomopsene synthase: mass spectrometry based analysis of various site-specifically labeled terpenes. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 70 (2017) 632-638. [PMID: 28270685]
3. Lauterbach, L., Rinkel, J. and Dickschat, J.S. Two bacterial diterpene synthases from Allokutzneria albata produce bonnadiene, phomopsene, and allokutznerene. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 57 (2018) 8280-8283. [PMID: 29758116]
4. Rinkel, J., Steiner, S.T. and Dickschat, J.S. Diterpene biosynthesis in actinomycetes: studies on cattleyene synthase and phomopsene synthase. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 58 (2019) 9230-9233. [PMID: 31034729]