Reaction: NAD+ = (1''-3')-cyclic adenosine diphosphate-β-D-ribose + nicotinamide
Glossary: (1''-3')-cyclic adenosine diphosphate-β-D-ribose = 1''-3' glycocyclic ADP-β-D-ribose = (1''-3')-cyclic ADP-β-D-ribose = (1''-3')-cyclic ADP-ribose = 3'-cADPR = 1''-3' gcADPR = v2-cADPR
Other name(s): 3'cADPR synthase; v2-cADPR synthase; HopAM1; thsB (gene name)
Systematic name: NAD+ lyase [(1''-3')-cyclic adenosine diphosphate-β-D-ribose-forming]
Comments: The enzyme, found in bacteria, contains a TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain. Activity requires self-association into larger aggregates.The enzyme is part of the Thoeris system, which is responsible for antiphage defense. Its product, (1''-3')-cyclic adenosine diphosphate-β-D-ribose, activates EC 3.2.2.5, NAD+ glycohydrolase. In addition, as demonstrated with the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, this compound suppresses the plant's immune system. cf. EC 4.3.99.6, 2'-cyclic-ADP-D-ribose synthase, and EC 3.2.2.6, ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Eastman, S., Smith, T., Zaydman, M.A., Kim, P., Martinez, S., Damaraju, N., DiAntonio, A., Milbrandt, J., Clemente, T.E., Alfano, J.R. and Guo, M. A phytobacterial TIR domain effector manipulates NAD(+) to promote virulence. New Phytol. 233 (2022) 890-904. [PMID: 34657283]
2. Ofir, G., Herbst, E., Baroz, M., Cohen, D., Millman, A., Doron, S., Tal, N., Malheiro, D.BA., Malitsky, S., Amitai, G. and Sorek, R. Antiviral activity of bacterial TIR domains via immune signalling molecules. Nature 600 (2021) 116-120. [PMID: 34853457]
3. Manik, M.K., Shi, Y., Li, S., Zaydman, M.A., Damaraju, N., Eastman, S., Smith, T.G., Gu, W., Masic, V., Mosaiab, T., Weagley, J.S., Hancock, S.J., Vasquez, E., Hartley-Tassell, L., Kargios, N., Maruta, N., Lim, B.YJ., Burdett, H., Landsberg, M.J., Schembri, M.A., Prokes, I., Song, L., Grant, M., DiAntonio, A., Nanson, J.D., Guo, M., Milbrandt, J., Ve, T. and Kobe, B. Cyclic ADP ribose isomers: Production, chemical structures, and immune signaling. Science 377 (2022) eadc8969. [PMID: 36048923]