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3)-β-D-fructofuranosylO-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1
6)-α-D-glucopyranosideThe following list previously appeared in Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992. Additional glossary entries have been added from subsequent supplements and where relevant linked to separate entries showing the structure or reaction schemes where the structure is shown.
Details of systematic organic nomenclature may be found in the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry A, B, C, D, E, F and H, issued by the Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979) and A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Recommendations 1993 (Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993).
Fast move to entries starting with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
| (+)-abscisic acid | (9Z)-(S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-11-apo-β-carotenoic acid |
| D(-)-acetoin | (R)-3-hydroxybutan-2-one |
| N-acetylindoxyl | N-acetylindol-3-ol |
| N-acetylisatin | N-acetyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione |
| cis-aconitate | (Z)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate |
| trans-aconitate | (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate |
| acrolein | prop-2-enal |
| acrylate | prop-2-enoate |
| aculeacin A | a cyclic peptide antibiotic* |
| adrenalin | (R)-2-(methylamino)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol |
| agaritine | glutamic 5-[N'-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]hydrazine] |
| agarose | a polysaccharide (structure) |
| agmatine | (4-aminobutyl)guanidine |
| ajmalan | an alkaloid* |
| alanopine | meso-2,2'-iminodipropanoate |
| β-alanopine | N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-β-alanine |
| albendazole | methyl [5-(propylthio)benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate |
| alizarin | 1,2-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione |
| allantoate | diureidoacetate |
| allantoin | (2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea |
| allyl alcohol | prop-2-en-1-ol |
| amastatin | Leu[1ψ2,CHOHCONH]ValValAsp |
| L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde |
(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate |
| S-aminoethylcysteine ketimine |
5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazine-3-carboxylate |
| S-2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde |
2-amino-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate |
| amygdalin | 2-(6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-phenylacetonitrile |
| androsterone | 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one |
| anhydrotetracycline | an antibiotic* |
| anserine | Nα-(β-alanyl)-Nπ-methylhistidine |
| anthranilate | 2-aminobenzoate |
| anthrapurpurin | 1,2,7-trihydroxyanthraquinone |
| arachidonate | (all-Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate |
| L-argininosuccinate | Nω-[(S)-1,2-dicarboxyethyl]-L-arginine |
| aristolochene | a sesquiterpenoid* |
| arogenate | 3-(r-1-carboxy-c-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl) -L-alanine |
| arphamenine A | Arg[1ψ2,COCH2]Phe |
| arphamenine B | Arg[1ψ2,COCH2]Tyr |
| asparagusate | 1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylate |
| L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde |
(S)-2-amino-4-oxobutanoate |
| aspulvinone E | 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one |
| atropine | tropine ester of (±)-tropate (see below) |
| azurin | a blue copper protein found in many bacteria, which undergoes oxidation-reduction between Cu(I) and Cu(II), and transfers single electrons between enzymes |
| bactoprenol | 2,3-dihydroundecaprenol |
| barbituric acid | pyrimidine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione |
| benzoin | 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone |
| benzyl viologen | 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium |
| berberine | an alkaloid* |
| bergaptol | 4-hydroxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one |
| betaine | N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate |
| betaine aldehyde | N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxoethylammonium |
| biochanin A | 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| biuret | imidodicarbonic diamide |
| bleomycin | an antibiotic* |
| (+)-borneol | (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol |
| cadaverine | pentane-1,5-diamine |
| trans-caffeate | (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate |
| caldesmon | a protein |
| calmodulin | a protein |
| (-)-1,2-campholide | (1R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one |
| (+)-camphor | (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one |
| captopril | (2S)-1-(3-mercapto-2-methyl-propanoyl)-L-proline |
| L-5-carboxymethyl- hydantoin |
(S)-5-carboxymethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione |
| (-)-carnitine | (R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate |
| carnosine | Nα-(β-alanyl)-L-histidine |
| (-)-casbene | (2E,6E,10E)-(1R,14S)-3,7,11,1 5,15-pentamethylbicyclo[12.1.0]pentadeca-2,6,10-triene |
| catechol | benzene-1,2-diol |
| cephalosporin C | β-lactam antibiotic* |
| cetraxate | 3-[4-(trans-4-methylaminocyclohexylcarbonyloxy)phenyl]propanoate |
| chalcone | 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one |
| chlordecone | 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one |
| chlorogenate | 5-caffeate ester of quinic acid (see below) |
| cholesterol | cholest-5-en-3β-ol |
| choline | (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium |
| chorismate | (3R,4R)-3-[(1-carboxyvinyl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylate |
| 1,8-cineole | 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, a monoterpenoid |
| cinnamyl alcohol | 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol |
| (+)-citramalate | (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanedioate |
| citrate | 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate |
| (+)-citronellol | (R)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol |
| L-citrulline | (S)-2-amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid |
| cocaine | methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate |
| codeine | an alkaloid* (structure) |
| coenzyme-B | N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)-L-threonine 3-O-phosphate (structure) |
| coenzyme M (CoM) | 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate |
| coformycin | (8R)-3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol |
| columbamine | an alkaloid* |
| compound E-64 | (2S,3S)-3-(N-{(S)-1-[N-(4-guanidinobutyl)carbamoyl]3-methyl- butyl}carbamoyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid (structure) |
| coniferin | 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-methoxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside |
| coniferyl alcohol | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol |
| cortisol | 11β,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione |
| cortisone | 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione |
| 4-coumaryl alcohol | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol |
| creatine | (1-methylguanidino)acetate |
| creatinine | 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methylimidazol-4-one |
| crepenynic acid | octadec-9-en-12-ynoic acid |
| crotonobetaine | 4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoate |
| cucurbitacin | a plant triterpenoid* |
| cumate | 4-isopropylbenzoate |
| cyanuric acid | 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione |
| cycasin | (methyl-ONN-azoxy)methyl β-D-glucopyranoside |
| cyclopeptine | an alkaloid* |
| cystathionine | 2-amino-4-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]butanoate |
| cystatin | the protein inhibitor of cysteine endopeptidases from chicken egg-white |
| daidzein | 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| daphnin | 7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one |
| 12-dehydrotetracycline | an antibiotic* |
| deoxycoformycin | (8R)-3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-3,5,7,8-tetrahydro- imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol |
| 11-deoxycorticosterone | 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione |
| deoxyhypusine | N6-(4-aminobutyl)lysine |
| desmosterol | cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol |
| 2,6-dichloroindophenol | 4-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one |
| desmycosin | a macrolide antibiotic* |
| destomycin | an antibiotic* |
| meso-2,6-diamino- pimelate |
(2R,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate |
| 7,8-dihydrobiopterin | 2-amino-7,8-dihydro-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl ]-1H-pteridin-4-one |
| dihydrodipicolinate | (2S)-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate |
| 2,3-dihydropicolinate | 2,3-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylate |
| 7,8-dihydroxy- kynurenate |
4,7,8-trihydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate |
| (+)-2,5-diketocamphane | (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2,5-dione |
| dimethylmaleate | (Z)-2,3-dimethylbut-2-enedioate |
| S,S-dimethyl- -β-propiothetin |
3-(dimethylsulfonio)propanoate |
| diphthamide | 2-[3-carbamoyl-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-L-histidine |
| diphthine | 2-[3-carboxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-L-histidine |
| dipicolinate | pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate |
| dolichol | 2,3-dihydropolyprenol (C55-C100) |
| L-dopa | (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate |
| dopachrome | 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-5,6-dioxo-1H-indole-2-carboxylate |
| dopaquinone | (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)propanoate |
| E64 | (2S,3S)-3-(N-{(S)-1-[N-(4-guanidinobutyl)carbamoyl]3-methyl- butyl}carbamoyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid (structure) |
| α-ecdysone | (22R)-2β,3β,14,22,25-pentahydroxy-5β-cholest-7-en-6-one |
| emodin | 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone |
| (-)-ephedrine | (1R,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol |
| ergosterol | (22E,24S)-24-methylcholesta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol |
| eriodictyol | (S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one |
| erythromycin | a macrolide antibiotic* |
| erythronolide | an antibiotic* |
| estradiol-17α | estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol |
| estradiol-17β | estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol |
| estriol | estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol |
| estrone | 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one |
| ethanolamine | 2-aminoethan-1-ol |
| etiocholanolone | 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one |
| farnesol | 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol |
| (–)-α-fenchol | (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol |
| (+)-fenchone | (1S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one |
| ferulate | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate |
| fibronectin | a glycoprotein |
| ficaprenol | tri-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenol |
| fluorene | cyclopenta[1,2:3,4]dibenzene |
| formononetin | 7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| fucosterol | (24E)-24-ethylidenecholest-5-en-3β-ol |
| 4-fumarylacetoacetate | (E)-4,6-dioxooct-2-enedioate |
| 3-fumarylpyruvate | (E)-4,6-dioxohept-2-enedioate |
| fusarinine | N5-(cis-5-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enoyl)-N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine |
| fusarinine C | a cyclic trihydroxamic acid formed by esterification of 3 molecules of fusarinine |
| gallate | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate |
| genistein | 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| gentisate | 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate |
| (+)-geodin | methyl 5,7-dichloro-4-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-6-methyl-3,4'-dioxo- spiro[benzofuran-2(3H),1'-cyclohexa-2',5'-diene]-2'-carboxylate |
| geraniol | (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol |
| germacrene A | a sesquiterpenoid* (structure) |
| gibberellin | a terpenoid* (structure) |
| globomycin | an antibiotic* |
| glucotropeolin | β-D-glucosyl 2-phenylthioacetohydroximate O-sulfate |
| glutaconate | pent-2-enedioate |
| L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde |
(S)-2-amino-5-oxopentanoate |
| glutarate semialdehyde |
5-oxopentanoate |
| glutathionylspermidine | N1-(γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine |
| glyceollin I | (6aS,11bR)-2,2-dimethyl-2H,6H-benzofuro[3,2-c]- pyrano[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6a,9(11aH)-diol |
| sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | (R)-glycerol 3-phosphate |
| glycerone | 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-one |
| glycolaldehyde | 2-hydroxyethanal |
| glycolate | 2-hydroxyacetate |
| glycyrhizinate | a terpenoid* |
| glycyrrhetinate | a terpenoid* |
| glyoxylate | 2-oxoacetate |
| guaiacol | 2-methoxyphenol |
| hepoxilin A3 | (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12 -epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate |
| heteropyrithiamin | 1-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]pyridinium |
| hippurate | N-benzoylglycine |
| homogentisate | (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate |
| sym-homospermidine | N-(4-aminobutyl)butane-1,4-diamine |
| humulene | (1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene |
| hydroxyacetone phosphate |
2-oxopropyl phosphate |
| (+)-5-exo-hydroxy- camphor |
(1R,4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-heptan-2-one |
| 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy- adipate |
1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate |
| 4-hydroxycatechol | benzene-1,2,4-triol; 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene |
| 2-hydroxy-4-methyl- -3-carboxyvalerate |
2-hydroxy-3-isopropylbutanedioate |
| 3α-hydroxy- 5β-cholanate |
3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate |
| 4-hydroxyhydratropate | 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate |
| 3-hydroxyisobutyrate | 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate |
| 6-hydroxymellein | (R)-3,4-dihydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin |
| 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde | 2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate |
| 2-hydroxyquinoline | quinolin-2-ol exists largely as the quinolin-2(1H)-one tautomer. |
| 4-hydroxyquinoline | quinolin-4-ol exists largely as the quinolin-4(1H)-one tautomer. |
| D-2-hydroxystearate | (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate |
| hygromycin B | an antibiotic* |
| L-hyoscyamine | an alkaloid* |
| hyponitrous acid | HO-N=N-OH |
| hypotaurine | 2-aminoethanesulfinate |
| hypotaurocyamine | 2-guanidinoethanesulfinate |
| hypusine | N6-[(R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]-L-lysine |
| inulobiose | D-fructosyl-2,1-α-D-fructose |
| isochorismate | (5S,6S)-5-[(1-carboxyvinyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa -1,3-diene-1-carboxylate |
| isocitrate | 1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate. Unless stated otherwise, the isomer involved is (1R,2S)-1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, formerly called threo-DS-isocitrate |
| isolychnose | O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(13)-β-D-fructofuranosyl O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 6)-α-D-glucopyranoside |
| isonocardicin A | a β-lactam antibiotic* |
| isophenoxazine | 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one |
| (-)-trans-isopiperitenol | (1S,6R)-6-isopropenyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol |
| isowillardiine | 3-(uracil-3-yl)-L-alanine |
| itaconate | 2-methylenebutanedioate |
| jasmonate | 2-{(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopentyl}acetate |
| juglone | 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione |
| kaempferol | 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxphenyl)-4H-[1]-benzopyran-4-one |
| kievitone | 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one |
| kievitone hydrate | 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)chromen-4-one |
| kynurenate | 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate |
| L-kynurenine | 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-L-alanine |
| L-lactaldehyde | (S)-2-hydroxypropanal |
| L-lactate | (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate |
| lactenosin | a macrolide antibiotic* |
| lanosterol | 4,4,14-trimethyl-5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol |
| leucopelargonidin | 3,4-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-[1]benzopyran-3,4,5,7- tetrol |
| licodione | 2,4,4'-trihydroxydibenzoylmethane |
| limonene | (4S)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene (structure) |
| α-linolenate | (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate |
| γ-linolenate | (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoate |
| linalool | 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol |
| linamarin | 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-methylpropanenitrile |
| linoleate | (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate |
| γ-linolenate | (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoate |
| lipoamide | 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide |
| lipoate | 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate |
| lombricine | O3-([2-guanidinoethoxy]phosphono)-L-serine |
| lophenol | 4α-methyl-5α-cholesta-7-en-3β-ol |
| lumazine | 1H,3H-pteridine-2,4-dione |
| lumichrome | 7,8-dimethyl-1H,3H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-di one |
| lupinate | (S)-2-amino-3-{[(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino]purin-9-yl}propanoate (structure) |
| luteolin | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one |
| lychnose | O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(11)-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 6)-α-D-glucopyranoside |
| D-lysopine | N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine |
| maackiain | (6aR,12aS)-6a,12a-dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[5 ,6]- benzofuro[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-3-ol |
| macrocin | a macrolide antibiotic* |
| L-malate | (S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate |
| maleamate | (Z)-3-carbamoylprop-2-enoate |
| 2-maleylacetate | (Z)-4-oxohex-2-enedioate |
| 4-maleylacetoacetate | (Z)-4,6-dioxooct-2-enedioate |
| 3-maleylpyruvate | (Z)-4,6-dioxohept-2-enedioate |
| malonate semialdehyde | 3-oxopropanoate |
| L-mandelate | (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate |
| mandelonitrile | 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile |
| medicarpin | (6aR,11aS)-6a,11a-dihydro-9-methoxy- -6H-benzofurano[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-3-ol |
| melatonin | N-acetyl-2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethylamine |
| melilotate | 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate |
| menadione | 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone |
| (-)-menthol | (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol |
| mesaconate | (E)-2-methylbut-2-enedioate |
| methanofuran | 4-[N-(4,5,7-tricarboxyheptanoyl)-γ-L-glutamyl-γ-L-glutamyl-4-(2-aminoethyl)- phenoxymethyl]-2-(aminomethyl)furan |
| methanopterin | 1-O-[2,3,4-trihydroxy(4-{[1-(2-amino-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxopteridin-6-yl)- ethyl]amino}phenyl)-pentyl]-α-D-ribofuranose 5[(1,3-dicarboxypropyl) phosphate |
| methylglyoxal | 2-oxopropanal |
| N-methylhydantoin | 1-methylimidazolidene-2,4-dione |
| methylitaconate | 2-methyl-3-methylenebutanedioate |
| methylmalonate semialdehyde | 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate |
| 3-methyloxindole | 1,3-dihydro-3-methylindol-2-one |
| methyl viologen | 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium |
| mevaldate | 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoate |
| (-)-mevalonate | (R)-3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate |
| L-mimosine | 3-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridon-1-yl)-L-alanine |
| morphine | an alkaloid* (structure) |
| morphinone | an alkaloid* (structure) |
| cis,cis-muconate | (2Z,4Z)-hexa-2,4-dienedioate |
| mycocerosate | a fatty acid with a methyl branch |
| mycothiol | 1-O-(2-[N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl]amido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-myo-inositol (structure) |
| mycothione | oxidized (disulfide) form of mycothiol |
| myrcene | 7-methyl-3-methyleneocta-1,6-diene (structure) |
| naloxone | an alkaloid* |
| naringenin chalcone | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one |
| (+)-neomenthol | (1S,2S,4R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol |
| nerol | (Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol |
| NHMec | 7-(4-methyl)coumarylamide |
| L(-)-nicotine | (S)-3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine |
| nocardicin A | a β-lactam antibiotic* |
| D-nopaline | N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine |
| noradrenalin | 2-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol |
| norcoclaurine | an alkaloid* (structure) |
| (+)-norephedrine | (1S,2R)-2-amino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol |
| normorphine | an alkaloid* |
| norvaline | 2-aminopentanoic acid |
| nuatigenin | (20S,22S,25S)-22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol |
| obtusifoliol | 4α,14α-dimethyl-5α-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3β-ol or 4α,14α-dimethyl-24-methylene-5α-cholesta-8-en-3β-ol |
| D-octopine | N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine |
| oleandomycin | a macrocyclic antibiotic* |
| oleate | (Z)-octadec-9-enoate |
| orcinol | 5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol |
| organyl | Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom |
| orotate | 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxopyrimidine-4-carboxylate |
| orsellinate | 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate |
| 4-oxalmesaconate | 4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate |
| oxaloacetate | 2-oxobutanedioate |
| oxalocrotonate | 5-oxohex-2-enedioate |
| oxaloglycolate | 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanedioate |
| oxalomalate | 1-hydroxy-3-oxopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate |
| oxalureate | 2-oxo-2-ureidoacetate |
| oxidized glutathione | The term 'oxidized glutathione' has been replaced by the term 'glutathione disulfide' as the former is ambiguous. S,S'-Biglutathione may also be used to refer to this compound |
| oxidized thioredoxin | The term 'oxidized thioredoxin' has been replaced by 'thioredoxin disulfide' as the former is ambiguous |
| 5-oxo-1,2-campholide | (1R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane- 3,6-dione |
| (+)-6-oxocineole | (1S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-one |
| 2-oxoisocaproate | 6-methyl-2-oxoheptanoate |
| 2-oxosuccinamate | 3-carbamoyl-2-oxopropanoate |
| palatinose | isomaltulose |
| pantetheine | amide of pantothenate (see below) with 3-aminopropane-1-thiol |
| (R)-pantoate | (R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate |
| pantothenate | amide of pantoate (see above) with 3-aminopropanoate |
| pantoyl lactone | (R)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-4-olide |
| PAPS | 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (structure) |
| paraoxon | diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate |
| pentalenene | (1R,3aS,5aS,8aR)-1,2,3,3a,5a,6,7,8-octahydro- -1,4,7,7-tetramethylcyclopenta[c]pentalene |
| pepstatin | isovaleryl-L-valyl-L-valyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methyl- heptanoyl-L-alanyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid |
| perillyl alcohol | mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol |
| phenazine methosulfate | 5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate |
| phenosafranin | 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazinium |
| phloretate | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate |
| phloretin | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one |
| phloroglucinol | benzene-1,3,5-triol |
| phorbol | a diterpenoid* (structure) |
| phosphoenolpyruvate | 2-(phosphonooxy)prop-2-enoate |
| phytanate | 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoate |
| phytodienoate | 8-{(1R,5R)-4-oxo-5-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopent-2-enyl}octanoate |
| pimelic acid | heptanedioic acid |
| pinene | (1R,5R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (structure) |
| L-pipecolate | (S)-piperidine-2-carboxylate |
| trans-piperitenol | (1R,6R)-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol |
| planteose | O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(16)-β-D-fructofuranosyl- -αD-glucopyranoside |
| porphyran | a polysaccharide (structure) |
| pregnenolone | 3β-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one |
| prephenate | 3-(r-1-carboxy-c-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-2-oxopropanoate |
| presqualene diphosphate | [(1R,2R,3R)-2-[(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl]-2-methyl-3-[(2E,6E)- -2,6,10-trimethylundeca-1,5, 9-trienyl]cyclopropan-1-yl] methyl diphosphate (structure) |
| pretyrosine | 3-(r-1-carboxy-c-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)- -L-alanine (also called arogenate) |
| primeverose | 6-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-glucose |
| progesterone | pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione |
| protocatechuate | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate |
| 2-protocatechuoyl- phloroglucinolcarboxylate |
2,4-dihydroxy-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)benzoate |
| L-prunasin | (S)-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-phenylacetonitrile |
| pseudobaptigenin | 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-hydroxy-[1]benzopyran-3-one |
| (+)-pseudoephedrine | (1S,2S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol |
| pseudotropine | exo-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol |
| psychosine | (E)-(2R,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-enyl β-D-galactopyranoside |
| pterocarpan | (6aR,11aR)-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofuro[3,2-c]-[1]benzopyran |
| (+)-trans-pulegol | (1S,5R)-2-isopropylidene-5-methylcyclohexan-1-ol |
| pullulan | A linear polymer of 1,6-linked maltotriose units. |
| putrescine | butane-1,4-diamine |
| pyrimidodiazepine | 6-acetyl-2-amino-8,9-dihydro-3H-pyrimido[4,5-b]-[1,4]diazepin-4-one |
| pyrogallol | benzene-1,2,3-triol |
| L-pyroglutamate | 5-oxo-L-proline |
| pyruvate | 2-oxopropanoate |
| 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin | 1-(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl)propane-1,2- dione |
| quercetagetin | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| quercetin | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| quercitrin | quercetin 3-rhamnoside |
| questin | 1,6-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone |
| (-)-quinate | (3R,5R)-1(OH),3,4/5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate (structure) |
| quinine | an alkaloid (structure) |
| quinizarin | 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone |
| quisqualic acid | 3-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxazadiazolidin-2-yl)Ala |
| raucaffricine | an alkaloid* |
| Rieske cluster | A [2Fe-2S] cluster having Cys2 coordination at one iron, and His2 coordination at the other |
| resveratrol | (E)-stilbene-3,4',5-triol |
| reticulene | an alkaloid* |
| ricinine | 1,2-dihydro-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-oxopyridine-3-carbonitrile |
| ricinoleic acid | (9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid |
| rosmarinic acid | 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyloxy)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)propanoic acid |
| sabinene hydrate | 2-methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol |
| (+)-cis-sabinol | (1S,3R,5S)-1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol |
| saccharopine | N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine |
| salicin | 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside |
| α-santonin | a sesquiterpenoid* |
| sarcosine | N-methylglycine |
| sarsapogenin | (25S)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol |
| scoulerene | an alkaloid* (structure) |
| scytalone | 3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-one |
| secologanin | methyl (2S,3R,4S)-4-(formylmethyl)-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl- oxy)-3,4-dihydro-3-vinyl-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate |
| sepiapterin | 1-(2-amino-7,8-dihydro-4-hydroxypteridine-6-yl)-2-hydroxypropan-1-one |
| serotonin | 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol |
| (-)-shikimate | (3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate |
| sinapate | 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate |
| sinapyl alcohol | 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol |
| solanesol | all-trans-nonaprenol |
| spermidine | N-(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine |
| spermine | N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine |
| spiramycin | a macrolide antibiotic* |
| squalene | (all-E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetraicosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene |
| stearate | octadecanoate |
| sterigmatocystin | 3a,12c-dihydro-8-hydroxy-6-methoxyfuro[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one |
| stilbene | 1,2-diphenylethene (or styrylbenzene) |
| stipitatate | 3,6-dihydroxy-5-oxocyclohepta-1,3,6-triene-1-carboxylate |
| stipitatonic acid | 4,7-dihydroxy-1H-cyclohepta[c]furan-1,3,6-trione |
| 3-α(S)-strictosidine | an alkaloid* |
| L-strombine | N-(carboxymethyl)-L-alanine |
| succinate semialdehyde | 4-oxobutanoate |
| sulcatol | 6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol |
| sulcatone | 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one |
| sulfoacetaldehyde | 2-oxoethylsulfonate |
| sulochrin | methyl 2-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate |
| superoxide | O2•- |
| (-)-sympatol | (R)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethan-1-ol |
| synephrine | 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethanol |
| syringin | 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside |
| tabersonine | an alkaloid* |
| L(+)-tartrate | (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate |
| tartronate semialdehyde | 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate |
| taurine | 2-aminoethanesulfonate |
| taurocyamine | 2-guanidinoethanesulfonate |
| tauropine | N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate |
| taxiphyllin | 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile |
| testololactone | β3-oxo-13,17-secoandrost-4-ene-17,13α-lactone |
| testosterone | 17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one |
| tetrahydroberberine | an alkaloid* |
| tetrahydrocolumbamine | an alkaloid* |
| L-thalassemine | N,N-dimethyl-O3-([2-guanidinoethoxy]phosphono)-L-serine |
| theanine | N5-ethyl-L-glutamine |
| thetin | S,S-dialkyl-1,2λ4-oxothietan-4-one, i.e. dimethylsulfonioacetate |
| (+)-thujan-3-ol | (1S,3S,4S,5R)-1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol |
| (-)-thujol | (1S,3S,4R,5R)-1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol |
| tigloate | trans-2-methylbut-2-enoate |
| triacetate lactone | 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyran-2-one |
| trichodiene | a terpenoid* |
| trioxilin A3 | 8,11,12-trihydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate |
| (-)-tropate | (S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenylacetate |
| tropine | (3R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol |
| tropinone | 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one |
| trypanothione disulfide | the oxidized form of N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine |
| umbelliferone | 7-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one |
| ureidoglycolate | 2-hydroxy-2-ureidoacetate |
| uric acid | 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione |
| urocanate | 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoate |
| L-usnic acid | (S)-2,6-diacetyl-3,7,9-trihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-dibenzofuran-1(9bH)-one (structure) |
| 5-valerolactone | pentan-5-olide |
| validamine | 1-amino-1,5,6-trideoxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-D-chiro-inositol |
| vanillate | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate |
| vanillin | 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde |
| vermelone | 3,4-dihydro-3,8-dihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-one |
| vernolic acid | (9Z,12S,13R)-12,13-epoxyoctadec-9-enoic acid |
| vestitone | 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one |
| vicianin | (R)-2-(6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-phenylacetonitrile |
| vicianose | 6-O-(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-D-glucose |
| vindoline | an alkaloid* |
| vomifoliol | (6R,9S)-6,9-dihydroxy-9-apo-ε-caroten-3-one |
| warfarin | 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-[1]benzopyran-2-one |
| willardiine | 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine |
| xanthommatin | 2-amino-4-(3-carboxy-1-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-pyrido[3,2-a]phenoxazine-11-yl)- -4-hydroxybutanoate |
| xanthopterin-B2 | 1-(7,8-dihydro-2,4-dihydroxypteridin-6-yl)-2-hydroxypropan-1-one |
| xanthotoxol | 9-hydroxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one |
| zeatin | 2-methyl-4-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol (structure) |
| zymostrol | 5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol |
*Many alkaloids, antibiotics and terpenoids, such as those marked with an asterisk, have structures that are too complex for a systematic name to be given in tabular form. The reader is referred to the standard dictionaries of these compounds, such as:
Bycroft, B.W.(Ed.), Dictionary of antibiotics and related substances, Chapman and Hall, 1987.
Collins, P.M. Carbohydrates, Chapman and Hall, 1987.
Glasby, J.S. Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids, Plenum Press, 1975-1983.
Glasby, J.S. Encyclopedia of Antibiotics, 2nd edn., Wiley, 1979.
Glasby, J.S. Encyclopedia of the Terpenoids, Wiley, 1983.