3-Hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanoate Cycle and
Dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutanoate Cycle in Archaea

The 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanoate cycle has been detected in species from the Archaea order Sulfolobales and the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutanoate cycle in species from the Archaea orders Desulfurococcales and Thermoproteales.

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EC 1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase
EC 1.1.1.61 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
EC 1.1.1.157 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
EC 1.1.1.298 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
EC 1.2.1.75 malonyl CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
EC 1.2.1.76 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
EC 1.2.7.1 pyruvate synthase
EC 1.3.1.84 acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
EC 1.3.98.2 fumarate reductase (CoM/CoB)
EC 2.3.1.9 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
EC 2.7.9.2 pyruvate, water dikinase
EC 4.1.1.31 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
EC 4.2.1.2 fumarate hydratase
EC 4.2.1.116 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase
EC 4.2.1.120 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase
EC 5.1.99.1 methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase
EC 5.4.99.2 methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
EC 6.2.1.5 succinate—CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
EC 6.2.1.36 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase
EC 6.2.1.40 4-hydroxybutyrate—CoA ligase (AMP forming)
EC 6.2.1.56 4-hydroxybutyrate—CoA ligase (ADP forming)
EC 6.4.1.2 acetyl-CoA carboxylase
EC 6.4.1.3 propionyl-CoA carboxylase